Sadakat Döneminde Muhalif Kadınlar

Abstract

In this article, privately educated opposition women during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II will be examined. The management approach established by Abdulhamid II required complete control in every field. This authoritarian government naturally produced its opponents. This opposition, which started with the New Ottomans, continued to be seen as Young Turks under the authority of Abdulhamid II. Although those who carried out this opposition movement were generally men, it is noteworthy that women also started to appear in the second half of the 19th century. These women, who knew languages, read and researched, could enter intellectual circles and were against the sultan, revealed their political identities through different activities. Politically dissident women are generally discussed in two groups in this article. One of these is women who were opposites in terms of their thoughts. These were women who subjected to prosecution because of their writings, ideas, and groups they had close ties to, while others were women who took their opposition into action and fled abroad. The fact that the women examined here received private education shows that all kinds of ideas find a basis for discussion in educational circles. It also requires a reconsideration of the ongoing intellectual negotiations outside the visible educational institutions of the Ottoman Empire.